History Norilsk

The presence in the area of ​​modern Norilsk mining people were known in the Bronze Age: near Lake Pyasino found parking people of the Bronze Age, found where the primitive equipment for melting and casting, and materials (beads of native copper).
 In the XVI-XVII century copper deposits of Norilsk residents Mangasee used. Mangazeya - city, located above the Arctic Circle on the river Taz, the status of this polar village was in 1603. Mangazeya was trade and craft center, during the excavations in 1972-1975 years Mangasee Professor MI Belov was discovered extensive casting yard. In stock copper products, found in Mangazeya attended by platinum, which indicates that the ore for smelting were brought from the Noril'sk deposits. Mangasee decline in the second half of XVII century is associated with the order of the government of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ban walk to Mangazeya by sea. This measure was due to government concerns over the integrity of the Siberian border, as the Northern Sea Route attracted Western European countries (England, Holland) as a possible way to India. The sea route to Mangazeya was closed on the Yamal portage was made strelets cordon. At the end of the XIX century merchant KM Sotnikov attempted to smelt copper from Norilsk ore, he was able to smelt about three tons of blister copper, after which he has built oven collapsed due to uneven rainfall permafrost.

  

  Copper stove merchant Sotnikova (the drawings and eyewitnesses) Artist - AM Sorokin, 1943 

on the photograph of Russian says "Zhuravlev and Urvantsev sent in dogs bay Maria Pronchishchev"

Further study of the Norilsk region is associated with expeditions N. Urvantseva in 1919-1926, respectively, confirmed the presence of rich deposits of coal and ores in the eastern spurs of the plateau Putorana.


In 1921, during an expedition Urvantseva was built a wooden hut, which is considered the first home of Norilsk
(The house is preserved to this day, now a museum, "the first house of Norilsk.") In 1935, by prisoners of the Gulag began construction of the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine them. AP Zavenyagin. In March 1939, the Small Metallurgical Plant produced the first matte, in June 1939 - the first converter matte in 1942 - the first nickel (anode, cathode). Until 1951, the settlement of Norilsk and Norilsk Combine industrial site located at the northern foot of Mount Shmitiha where Urvantseva built the first house (Zero picket) and is currently a so-called "old" town houses there now, no.
In the late 1940s began designing, and in 1951 - the construction of the "new" city on the eastern shore of Lake Long. Construction of the city also began to prisoners of the Gulag (Norillag). In the summer of 1953 is Norilsk uprising - the performance Gorlaga prisoners. In 1953 the village became a town of Norilsk.
In memory of "camp" period of history in the city of Norilsk, a memorial building. Here's how to write about the most famous of them, Boris Ivanov, in his book "The fee for platinum":
In the center of Norilsk, in the area of ​​the Guards, "in an atmosphere of solemnity," even the foundation stone set, promising to erect a monument in this place to those who created the basis for the plant and the miracle of the city. This basalt boulders, weighing 100 pounds was taken from the mountain Rudnaya. On a plate attached to it and it is written: "There will be erected an obelisk, is always a reminder of the heroism of Norilsk, subdued the tundra, which created our city and the plant." There was a bookmark by historical standards, recent, June 26, 1966 ...

  Note: The stone remained in the square, the obelisk erected in its place was not. Despite the fact that for most citizens the stone itself has long become a monument and does not require replacement from time to time in the city once again hold a contest for building the memorial project Guards Square.
For the first truly mass graves have been arranged on the slopes of Mount Shmidtiha. It is said that human skulls and bones here nemeryannom. The Poles, the former Soviet Baltic states have erected in memory of this sad place memorial. Lamps are lit and set on the slope of the Orthodox chapel. But all this is located so far from "the people" from the busy intersection of Norilsk, which without a special excursion trip to see the memorial possible.

By myself yet I was not there and photographs are the places I have
Note: to the memorial complex in our time walking bus service.

Milestone in the further development of the Norilsk region was opened in October 1966 copper-nickel ores, located 40 km north-east of Norilsk. At the same time the city was founded Talnakh miners. For processing raw materials of new fields, 15 km west of Norilsk was founded in 1971 and by 1981 built Nadezhda Metallurgical Plant.

Norilsk takes its name from the name of the place where it is located not far from the city of Norilsk is a river (Norilka) (Pyasiny basin), located in the city of Norilsk mountains. About Norilsk and Norilsk River Mountains mention in their reports, travelers Chariton Laptev, A. Middendorf, F. B. Schmidt. Norilsk River got its name, probably in a time when the Russian Taimyr Peninsula was inhabited by people fishing in XVI-XVII centuries, during the existence of Mangasee. Perhaps the name of the river comes from the word "norilo" - a long thin pole that stretched string fixed nets under the ice from the hole to hole. In another version of the name of the river and, accordingly, the city comes from the Evenki word "narus" or Yukagir "NIORT," which means "swamp." And Norilsk about the origin of the name jokingly: "I will not go where the wind is always blowing nose."